The ancient Chinese believed that there is a universal life energy called Qi (pronounced Chi or Chee) present in every living creature. This energy is said to circulate throughout the body along specific pathways that are called meridians. As long as this energy flows freely throughout the meridians then health is maintained. Once the flow of energy is blocked, it stagnates and the system is disrupted and pain and illness occur. Acupuncture works to remove the stagnation and restore a smooth flow of Qi in the meridians
Currently there are a few prevailing theories as to how acupuncture works within the body. Unfortunately, to date there has been insufficient research to clarify exactly how it works.
Deactivation of neurons in the Limbic system (Gate)
This phenomenon was recorded with MRI scanning on the insertion of one needle in to the Large Intestine meridian at an acupoint known as He Gu (Li-4). Li-4 is one of a pair of acupoints known as the Pain Gates. The Limbic System is part of the primitive brain that controls the perception of pain.
The Augmentation of Immunity Theory
Acupuncture raises levels of triglycerides, specific hormones, prostaglandins, white blood counts, gamma globulins, opsonins, and overall anti-body levels.
The EndorphinTheory
Acupuncture stimulates the secretions of endorphins in the body (specifically Enkaphalins).
The Neurotransmitter Theory
Certain neurotransmitter levels (such as Seratonin and Noradrenaline) are affected by Acupuncture.
The Circulatory Theory
Acupuncture has the effect of constricting or dilating blood vessels. This may be caused by the body's release of Vasodilaters (such as Histamine), in response to Acupuncture.
The Gate Control Theory
One of the most popular theories. According to this theory, the perception of pain is controlled by a part of the nervous system that regulates the impulse that will later be interpreted as pain. This part of the nervous system is called the "Gate." If the gate is hit with too many impulses, it becomes overwhelmed, and it closes. This prevents some of the impulses from getting through. The first gates to close would be the ones that are the smallest. The nerve fibers that carry the impulses of pain are rather small nerve fibers called "C" fibers. These are the gates that close during Acupuncture.
